Pressure-Driven Membrane Process: A Review of Advanced Technique for Heavy Metals Remediation

Pressure-driven processes have come a long way since they were introduced. These processes, namely Ultra-Filtration (UF), Nano-Filtration (NF), and Reverse-Osmosis (RO), aim to enhance the efficiency of wastewater treatment, thereby aiming at cleaner production. Membranes may be polymeric, ceramic, metallic, or organo-mineral, filtration techniques differ in pore size from dense porous membrane. The applied pressure varies according method used. are being utilized many exciting applications in, for example, food industry, pharmaceutical treatment. This paper attempts comprehensively review principle behind different pressure-driven membrane technologies their use removal heavy metals wastewater. transport mechanism has been elaborated, which helps predictive modeling system. Fouling is perhaps only barrier emergence technology its full acceptance. However, with innovative fabrication, this can overcome. concluded perspective recommendations that incorporated by researchers worldwide as new problem statement work.